What characterizes multinational doctrine?

Multinational doctrine is defined by its collaborative nature, where participants from two or more nations come together to develop agreed-upon principles and procedures for military operations. This joint effort ensures that diverse military forces can operate cohesively during combined operations, facilitating interoperability and effective communication among the allies. By being ratified by multiple nations, this doctrine reflects a consensus that enhances partnership effectiveness in multinational missions.

The other options do not align with the concept of multinational doctrine. For instance, the idea that a single nation would authorize a doctrine contradicts the essence of collaboration inherent in multinational operations. Additionally, while a single nation's military could guide its own forces, this does not encompass the cooperative foundation necessary for multinational endeavors. Lastly, although developed by a specific service branch, this is characteristic of national doctrine and does not emphasize the multinational collaboration essential for joint operations.